'  / 


OFC/iLIFORni/l 


voLumev-noz 


OFFICIAL  OR6/in  OFTH€  flLUANl 


HANSEN  &  ELRIGK 


DEALERS  IN 


SHIRTS,  UNDERWEAR 

..Men's  Furnishing  Goods.. 
EXAMINER  BUILDING 

SOUTHEAST  COR.  MARKET  AND  THIRD  STS. 

SAN    FRANCISCO 


The  Funniest 
Calendar  Out! 


College  Calendar 

By  R.  K.  CULVER 
"THE  COLLEGE  MAN" 

Price,  50c  in  Box 
For  sale  at  CO-OP,  and 

DODGE'S,  123  Grant  Ave.,  S.  F. 


DANIEL  COIT  OILMAN 
President  University  of  California,   1872-1875 


MACCABE  A  SONS,  PHOTO  ENGRAVERS 


The  University  of  California 
Magazine 

VOLUME  V  NOVEMBER,  1899  NUMBER  7 

THE  UNIVERSITY— PRESENT  AND  FUTURE. 


time  has  not  yet  come  to  write  the  history  of  the 
-*•  University  of  California.  Though  one  of  the  younger 
Institutions  of  the  country,  it  has  attained  a  reputation  quite 
beyond  its  years,  and  illustrates  in  a  striking  manner  that 
most  of  our  younger  and  newer  States  could  not  have  had 
great  Institutions  of  learning  unless  those  Institutions  had 
been  founded  and  cherished  by  the  State. 

Our  University  has  been  established  about  thirty  years, — 
the  lifetime  of  a  generation,  a  short  period  of  time  histori- 
cally, but  in  which  there  has  been,  as  it  were,  a  great  upris- 
ing of  public  opinion  concerning  the  importance  of  education 
in  relation  to  the  welfare  of  the  State  and  of  society  itself. 
The  conquests  made  in  the  modern  age  over  time  and  space, 
the  subjection  of  the  powers  of  nature  to  human  use,  the  vast 
a*nd  swift  increase  of  communication  on  the  earth,  the  tenden- 
cies to  unity  in  the  human  race  and  among  the  nations, — all 
have  conspired  to  make  the  world  a  neighborhood,  and  reveal 
the  common  wants  of  man.  It  may  be  said  without  exag- 
geration that  within  this  period  the  plane  of  humanity  itself 
has  been  raised,  and  the  importance  of  man  himself  on  his 
own  account  has  become  a  distinct  figure  in  the  field  of  human 
thought  and  action,  and  that  education,  in  its  most  large  and 


354  The  University  of  California  Magazine. 

liberal  sense,  is  the  true  means  of  giving  man  his  true  place 
commensurate  with  his  destiny  as  an  intellectual  and  moral 
being. 

In  this  great  uprising  of  opinion  and  conviction  there  lies 
dormant  some  of  the  profoundest  problems  of  human  society 
touching  the  welfare  of  liberty,  the  apparent  conflict  of  prin- 
ciples not  yet  fully  developed  and  which  the  future  alone  can 
fully  unfold.  As  a  general  fact  or  principle,  while  the  State 
establishes  law,  order,  and  public  justice,  the  individual  must 
take  care  of  himself  with  such  helps  as  the  collective  life  of 
society  affords.  To  what  extent  society  shall  aid  him  in  the 
nurture  and  development  of  his  own  powers,  there  may  be 
some  difference  of  opinion,  though  the  great  fact  remains  that 
every  man  is  debtor  to  society,  and  no  man  can  do  for  society 
what  society  does  for  him. 

Whatever  may  be  the  final  issue  of  these  great  problems, 
which  only  time  and  experience  can  fully  unfold,  the  fact  re- 
mains that  the  State  has  adopted  education  as  a  means  to  the 
common  welfare  by  the  elevation  of  the  individual  to  a  higher 
plane  of  usefulness  and  responsibility.  This  is  the  great  bot- 
tom fact,  whatever  discussions  may  arise — and  they  will  arise 
without  end — concerning  the  relations  of  the  individual  and 
the  State;  for  education  in  its  widest  and  best  sense  is  the  cul- 
ture and  development  of  human  nature,  about  which  dis- 
cussion can  never  end. 

What  are  some  of  the  leading  material,  intellectual,  and 
moral  facts  in  regard  to  our  University  ?  It  has  at  present  a 
comparatively  small  "plant"  of  material  resources.  Its  re- 
sources from  the  State  have  not  been  equal  to  its  wants. 
While  this  may  be  natural  enough,  inasmuch  as  most  of  us 
have  no  adequate  idea  .of  the  cost  of  education,  it  is  impor- 
tant that  the  public  should  understand  what  is  required  in 
material  means  to  carry  on  an  Institution  which  shall  attract 
to  itself  year  after  year  thousands  of  youth  for  the  cultivation 
of  such  liberal  studies  as  adorn  society  through  the  increase 
of  individual  power.  We  have  now,  say,  two  thousand  stu- 


The  University — Present  and  Future.  355 

dents  in  one  department  of  the  University  independent  of  al- 
lied or  associated  schools.  The  efficient  management  and 
control  of  that  department  alone  requires  an  income  of  at 
least  one  million  dollars  per  annum.  This  without  reference 
to  library  or  dependent  departments. 

Thus,  it  is  easy  to  see  that  the  University  needs  rich  ea- 
dowments  from  the  State  or  from  individuals,  and  will  never 
cease  to  need  those  endowments  perpetuated  and  repeated  from 
generation  to  generation  as  long  as  time  shall  endure.  The 
University,  therefore,  needs  great  funds,  either  from  public 
taxation  or  private  endowment,  far  beyond  anything  which  it 
has  yet  received. 

The  intellectual  standing  of  the  University  will  depend 
upon  our  view  of  the  use  of  liberal  studies, — whether  those 
studies  are  ideal  or  simply  practical.  Although  the  Univer- 
sity should  include  every  course  of  human  study,  and  give  to 
every  vocation  at  least  an  introduction  to  its  elements,  it 
should  ever  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  University  proper  is  for 
general  culture  and  discipline  in  distinction  from  preparation 
for  particular  vocation.  Vocation  or  calling,  as  it  is  termed, 
is  very  rarely  marked  or  indicated  by  constitutional  tastes 
and  tendencies.  The  average  mind  will  have  an  average  suc- 
cess in  almost  any  department  of  activity  to  which  it  will  de- 
vote itself  with  industry  and  energy.  There  is  a  period  of 
youth  where  the  mind  is  in  the  gristle,  say  from  seventeen  to 
twenty-two  years,  during  which  it  is  well  if  a  youth  has  not 
determined  the  line  of  his  future  vocation.  This  period  is 
most  happily  employed  in  studies  that  give  general  discipline, 
culture,  and  mental  energy.  While,  therefore,  a  State  Uni- 
versity should  cherish  those  studies  which  contemplate  par- 
ticular vocation  for  those  who  would  take  the  "short  cut"  to 
life,  the  idea  that  this  is  not  the  purpose  of  University  studies 
in  their  noblest  sense  should  be  ever  kept  in  mind.  Without 
this  a  great  Institution  of  learning  becomes  merely  a  shop, 
and  the  horses  of  the  sun  are  chained  to  a  dray.  It  is  neces- 
sary to  understand  this  without  invidious  distinctions  or  class 


356  The  University  of  California  Magazine. 

prejudices,  giving  a  hearing  to  every  vocation,  but,  neverthe- 
less, lifting  the  standard  on  high,  affirming  that  the  end  of  all 
liberal  studies  that  deserve  the  name  is  the  general  climate  of 
mind  in  distinction  from  special  industry  or  provincial  voca- 
tion. This  is  the  ideal  of  an  University,  the  preservation  of 
which  makes  the  University  a  field  of  human  world-culture, 
and  saves  the  mind  from  the  provincialism  of  vocation  to 
which,  sooner  or  later,  all  men  are  exposed.  All  men  are 
exposed  to  be  circumscribed  by  their  calling,  and  in  a  certain 
sense  must  be,  and  liberal  studies  alone  can  make  the  mind 
human  and  cosmopolitan.  This  idea  must  be  the  ideal  of  any 
Institution  that  calls  itself  an  University. 

What  is  meant  by  the  morals  of  the  University  ?  I  under- 
stand by  it  the  general  tone  of  manners  and  administration. 
So  far  as  pertains  to  what  is  called  co-education,  there  will 
probably  be  a  difference  of  opinion  among  intelligent  persons 
that  discussion  will  not  do  much  to  harmonize.  There  are 
some  questions  profoundly  interesting  so  mixed  of  understand- 
ing and  feeling  that  if  we  undertake  to  settle  them  by  under- 
standing alone  we  are  impressed  with  how  little  we  should 
understand  if  we  had  nothing  but  understanding,  and  how 
little  we  should  feel  if  we  had  nothing  but  feeling.  Yet  feel- 
ing is  often  better  than  reasoning,  and  sentiment  is  truer  than 
logic.  It  may  be  in  vain  to  undertake  to  cast  the  horoscope 
of  the  future,  but  if  the  number  of  young  women  resorting  to 
the  University  increases  as  it  has  done  in  the  past,  it  will 
cease  to  be  co-educational,  inasmuch  as  women  outnumber 
men.  But  all  that  must  be  left  to  time  and  experience.  In 
all  matters  pertaining  to  manners  in  the  University,  we  must 
depend  on  the  sense  of  propriety  and  honor  in  the  heart  of 
youth,  and  the  sentiments  of  fidelity  and  faithfulness  that  are 
brought  from  home.  In  this  respect  the  University  is  a  little 
world  which  cannot  undertake  the  special  care  of  individuals, 
but  simply  provides  them  with  opportunities  as  government 
protects  the  citizen  and  offers  him  his  chances.  The  idea  that 
a  youth  is  sent  to  the  University  to  be  taken  care  of  is  a  fun- 


The  University — Present  and  Future.  357 

damental  mistake.  It  is  in  a  certain  sense  his  initiation  to  the 
world,  where  he  is  put  to  the  test  of  faithfulness,  honor,  pluck, 
and  integrity.  He  finds  himself  in  a  public  where,  while  he 
must  act  with  reference  to  those  around  him,  he  must  also 
sustain  a  standard  of  individual  opinion  and  action  that  will 
command  the  respect  of  all  honorable  minds.  It  is  common 
for  people  to  speak  of  the  rudeness  of  University  life  and  man- 
ners, but  it  may  be  doubted  if  an  equal  number  of  youth  in 
society  at  large  behave  better  than  those  gathered  in  a  great 
Institution  of  learning.  The  Institution  gets  published,  and 
often  falsely  reported,  while  those  mingled  in  society  at  large 
are  not  noticed. 

The  influence  of  great  teachers  is  one  of  those  incalculable 
forces  of  which  we  can  take  no  accurate  account,  but  which 
imperceptibly  and  unconsciously  steal  into  the  mind  and 
heart,  making  the  truly  great  teacher  the  most  influential  of 
all  men.  The  different  races  of  mankind  have  made  no  error 
when  they  have  called  the  founders  of  their  religions  Teach- 
ers. To  be  believed  in,  honored,  and  loved  as  a  great  teacher, 
in  whatever  sphere  of  truth,  is  a  theatre  of  influence  in  any 
field  of  human  activity.  It  is  not  the  most  conspicuous,  but 
it  is  the  most  influential.  The  teacher  is  the  inspirer,  and  if 
he  does  not  inspire  he  does  not  truly  teach.  He  may  not  be 
conspicuous  as  upon  the  high  places  of  the  world.  Neither 
is  God,  the  Maker  and  Inspirer  of  men,  very  conspicuous. 

The  morale  of  the  University,  then,  depends  upon  the  gen- 
eral spirit  which  pervades  it, — the  spirit  of  honor,  faithfulness, 
and  teaching,  all  consistent  with  the  finest  cheerfulness,  with 
charming  associations,  and,  above  all,  with  that  communion 
with  truth  that  is  eternal  life  to  the  mind. 

There  is  a  department  of  the  management  of  the  University, 
especially  of  an  University  founded  like  ours  in  the  State  and 
dependent  on  the  State,  that  gives  it  a  moral  aspect  and  tone 
of  peculiar  quality.  Politics  in  a  high  sense  is  social  wisdom, 
but  it  is  subject  to  many  tricks  and  degradations  of  virtue. 
One  of  the  early  objections  made  to  the  establishment  of  our 


358  The  University  of  California  Magazine. 

University  was  that  it  would  be  a  political  Institution,  or  an 
Institution  governed  by  political  influence.  While  such  fears 
in  their  literal  sense  have  not  been  realized,  it  cannot  be  de- 
nied that  a  State  Institution  is  subject  to  influences  which  do 
not  control  a  private  corporation,  and  needs  to  be  conducted 
on  some  principle  of  civil  service  that  sets  it  free  from  "pulls" 
or  ambitions  of  personal  favoritism.  There  is  a  temptation  to 
load  the  State  with  "incumbencies,"  as  they  are  called  in  the 
chnrch,  or  with  "positions,"  as  they  are  called  in  politics.  To 
speak  plainly,  even  if  abruptly,  a  position  in  the  University 
is  a  very  desirable  position  to  the  scholar,  the  teacher,  the 
gentleman.  To  the  man  who  is  imbued  with  the  spirit  of 
truth,  letters,  and  science,  a  position  in  an  University  may  be 
esteemed  the  highest  satisfaction  and  opportunity  that  life 
may  offer, — security,  permanence,  and  rest  from  anxiety, 
which  are  the  conditions  friendly  to  intellectual  pursuits.  It 
is  peculiarly  the  field  of  the  scholar.  Such  an  one  can  be  "let 
loose"  in  the  University  to  do  as  he  pleases.  His  presence, 
character,  and  influence,  the  light  of  his  mind,  beams  like  the 
sun  and  shines  by  its  own  light.  But  it  is  equally  true,  and 
to  be  spoken  with  frankness,  though  abruptly,  that  a  position 
in  the  University  is  very  attractive  to  the  intellectual  idler 
and  the  morally  indifferent,  whose  activity  requires  little  in- 
telligence, and  yet  less  human  sympathy,  with  noble  studies. 
To  such  an  one  there  are  but  thirty-eight  weeks  in  the  year, 
and  the  days  are  but  six  hours  long.  These  may  be  rough 
things  to  say,  but  they  are,  nevertheless,  true,  and  they  form 
an  important  item  in  the  administration  of  an  University  as 
pertains  to  its  morale.  In  this  respect  the  University  should 
present  a  standard  of  intellectual  and  moral  dignity,  to  which 
all  might  aspire  as  the  spirit  and  pattern  of  all  teaching  and 
of  all  profound  and  worthy  influences  upon  the  common 
mind. 

In  the  University  the  people  have  much  cause  for  sincere 
gratitude  and  cheerful  hope.  While  there  is  much  yet  unde- 
veloped, the  seeds  of  power  have  been  planted  and  a  new  im- 


The  University — Present  and  Future.  359 

pulse  is  beginning  to  be  felt,  an  influence  that  shall  give  it 
rank  among  the  first  Institutions  of  the  country  and  the 
world,  if  wisdom  and  public  and  private  virtue  shall  preside 
over  its  destiny.  Its  situation  on  the  mountain  side,  sloping 
toward  the  sea,  commands  a  view  of  rare  beauty  and  sublimity, 
such  as  exalted  Mt.  Zion  in  Hebrew  imagination.  The  name 
of  Berkeley  is  a  prophetic  felicity,  realizing  on  this  Western 
shore  the  finest  conception  of-  human  progress  that  ever 
dawned  upon  the  mind  of  man  expressed  in  the  lines  written 
more  than  a  century  ago: 

"Westward  the  course  of  empire  takes  its  way  ; 

The  four  first  acts  already  past, 
A  fifth  shall  close  the  drama  with  the  day  : 

Time's  noblest  offspring  is  the  last." 

HORATIO  STEBBINS. 


360  The  University  of  California.  Magazine. 


DEFEAT  AND  I  FARED  FORTH. 

[This  poem  won  the  graduate  verse  prize  of  ten  dollars.] 

Defeat  and  I  fared  forth.     Anon  he  smote  me  sore. 
Going,  I  turned  to  gaze  on  home  and  household  gods  once  more, 
And  this  and  this  I  craved,  and  caught,  with  many  a  tear, 
Within  my  arms.     Defeat  said,  "Leave  them  here." 

My  friends  !     My  face  lit  up  unwilled  at  sight  of  each  ; 
Kind  deeds  and  warmer  words  came  back ;  but  now  no  speech 
Revoiced  my  hail.     Each  saw  my  guide  and  turned  away. 
These  looks  askance  outstung  Defeat's  red  scourge  that  day. 

But  bitterer  still  the  jibes  and  taunts  Defeat  ne'er  ceased 
To  heap  on  me ;  their  truth  their  hurt  ten-fold  increased. 
This  brutal  torturer  speak  truth  ?  set  me  aright  ? 
My  friend  ?    I  hated  him  the  more — let  him  still  smite  ! 

What  time  I  brooding  roved  I  looked  not  on  Defeat. 
The  leering  eyes,  scorn-shot,  mine  eyes  cared  not  to  meet, 
Till,  one  fair  cherished  day,  the  harsh  tones  smoothed.     I  took 
His  words  to  heart  and  wept,  then  turned  on  him  to  look. 

The  face  was  like  the  voice  ;  the  sombre  garb  above, 

It  rose  in  lines  severe  but  fine  ;  the  eyes,  all  love, 

Met  mine.     "Thou'rt  not  Defeat !"  I  cried.     "Have  thy  way,  child  ; 

It  may  be  thou  hast  met  Success,"  he  answered,  mild. 

C.  H.  HARWOOD. 


105  PAI5E5 


THE 

LAN 


THE  MAGAZINE  OF 

CALIFORNIA  AND  THE  WEST 

EDITED  BY  CHAS.F  LUMM1S. 


'CONSTANT    READER." 


nun-blMjULAIimi  GUUK 


763460 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


